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Gene TRIM22 Found to Inhibit HIV Replication |
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Tuesday, 04 March 2008 |
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Interferons are produced by cells in response to challenge by foreign
pathogens such as viruses. The molecular mechanisms by which Type I
interferons (e.g., IFNβ) inhibit the replication of HIV-1 are not fully
clarified. A gene called TRIM22 that belongs to
the tripartite motif (TRIM) family that was strongly induced by IFNβ.
Using RNA interference to reduce the expression of TRIM22, it was shown
that TRIM22 is a key mediator of the IFNβ response when expressed at
natural levels. It was demonstrated that TRIM22 blocks the intracellular
trafficking of the viral structural protein Gag to the surface of the
cell, and that the antiviral activity of TRIM22 is dependent on two
cysteine residues (Cys15 and Cys18) that are critical for the E3 ligase
activity of RING-containing proteins. This report describes a mechanism
by which Type I interferons block HIV-1 replication.
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NIH Publishing Requirements to Take Effect in April |
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Monday, 03 March 2008 |
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It has been nearly a decade since Harold Varmus proposed "E-biomed". His widely read proposal to the NIH and the subsequent first attempt at open access biomedical publishing generated much discussion and created not a little tension within the publishing community. Recent developments in NIH policy have brought the open access debate around again, but signaled the end of much discussion. With the signing of the Consolidated Appropriations Act , 2008, which takes effect on April 7 of this year, any peer reviewed articles that are the product of grants or agreements funded by the NIH or articles by NIH employees are required to be published in PubMed Central, the biomedical, full-text article archive. Publishers still have the choice to publish an author's work, but they can no longer claim sole rights.
Get the NIH open access FAQs here .
Discuss this in the forum...
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Flu's Protective Shell Makes Transmission Possible |
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Monday, 03 March 2008 |
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While a cure is still elusive, the recent findings by NIH scientists have poked another hole in the armour of the flu virus. Their findings point to the reason why more people get the flu during the winter season, and fewer contract it during warmer months. Using "magic angle" spinning nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, Joshua Zimmerberg Ph.D, and others, have determined that the virus's outer membrane, comprised of lipids, essentially melts at around 60 degrees Fahrenheit. Once melted the virus is exposed to the elements, and so is less able to survive and find a host.
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The Science Behind Good Jazz Improv |
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Friday, 29 February 2008 |
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Spontaneous creativity is the hallmark of many an improv musician, and a recent article in the Public Library of Science (PLoS) helps to explain a little about exactly what is going on in a musician's brain when that creativity erupts. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Charles Limb and others from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders have identified that when musicians improvise, dissociated patterns of brain activity in the prefrontal cortex occured with greater frequency when compared to musicians playing from memory.
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